Customer Relationship Management im Autohaus

Customer Relationship Management, also Kundenbeziehungsmanagement, ist eine Möglichkeit im Autohaus Marketinginstrumente auf die Gewinnung von Neukunden, auf das Halten von Stammkunden und auf die Rückgewinnung von abgewanderten Kunden anzuwenden. Diese Diplomarbeit gibt einen allgemeinen Überblick über die Grundbausteine von CRM, die Einführungssystematik und die Bedeutung sowie den Nutzen einer CRM-Software für Autohäuser

Effects of elevated CO2 on chloroplast pigments of spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) in model ecosystems as modified by provenance, soil type, and nitrogen supply

Young beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and spruce (Picea abies [L,] Karst.) trees, each from two different provenances, were grown in competition in model ecosystems in open-top chambers for four years. The treatments consisted of elevated concentrations of CO, (370 μL L-1 versus 590 μL L-1), increased wet deposition of nitrogen (7 versus 70 kg N ha-1 y-1) and two different forest soils (acidic versus calcareous). Chloroplast pigments in dark- and light-adapted leaf material sampled in the last year of the experiment were analysed. Differences in pigment composition between provenances were observed only in beech trees. Soil type significantly affected the pigment composition in both species. Trees grown under calcareous conditions had higher contents of chlorophylls, whereas acidic soil conditions caused significantly enhanced levels of ß-carotene and xanthophylls as well as increased values of the xanthophyll de-epoxidation status. For both tree species light-adapted samples had higher carotenoid concentrations and de-epoxidation state values than dark-adapted foliage, whereas neither C02 nor N-treatment affected these parameters. Elevated CO, application induced decreased concentrations of total chlorophyll contents in both species. Nitrogen deposition had no effects on pigment composition neither for spruce nor for beech trees. Interactions between CO, and nitrogen application were not observed for both tree species

Error estimation in multitemporal InSAR deformation time series, with application to Lanzarote, Canary Islands

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a reliable technique for measuring crustal deformation. However, despite its long application in geophysical problems, its error estimation has been largely overlooked. Currently, the largest problem with InSAR is still the atmospheric propagation errors, which is why multitemporal interferometric techniques have been successfully developed using a series of interferograms. However, none of the standard multitemporal interferometric techniques, namely PS or SB (Persistent Scatterers and Small Baselines, respectively) provide an estimate of their precision. Here, we present a method to compute reliable estimates of the precision of the deformation time series. We implement it for the SB multitemporal interferometric technique (a favorable technique for natural terrains, the most usual target of geophysical applications). We describe the method that uses a properly weighted scheme that allows us to compute estimates for all interferogram pixels, enhanced by a Montecarlo resampling technique that properly propagates the interferogram errors (variance-covariances) into the unknown parameters (estimated errors for the displacements). We apply the multitemporal error estimation method to Lanzarote Island (Canary Islands), where no active magmatic activity has been reported in the last decades. We detect deformation around Timanfaya volcano (lengthening of line-of-sight ∼ subsidence), where the last eruption in 1730–1736 occurred. Deformation closely follows the surface temperature anomalies indicating that magma crystallization (cooling and contraction) of the 300-year shallow magmatic body under Timanfaya volcano is still ongoing.Peer reviewe

Effects of elevated CO2 on chloroplast pigments of spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) in model ecosystems as modified by provenance, soil type, and nitrogen supply

Young beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and spruce (Picea abies [L,] Karst.) trees, each from two different provenances, were grown in competition in model ecosystems in open-top chambers for four years. The treatments consisted of elevated concentrations of CO, (370 μL L-1 versus 590 μL L-1), increased wet deposition of nitrogen (7 versus 70 kg N ha-1 y-1) and two different forest soils (acidic versus calcareous). Chloroplast pigments in dark- and light-adapted leaf material sampled in the last year of the experiment were analysed. Differences in pigment composition between provenances were observed only in beech trees. Soil type significantly affected the pigment composition in both species. Trees grown under calcareous conditions had higher contents of chlorophylls, whereas acidic soil conditions caused significantly enhanced levels of ß-carotene and xanthophylls as well as increased values of the xanthophyll de-epoxidation status. For both tree species light-adapted samples had higher carotenoid concentrations and de-epoxidation state values than dark-adapted foliage, whereas neither C02 nor N-treatment affected these parameters. Elevated CO, application induced decreased concentrations of total chlorophyll contents in both species. Nitrogen deposition had no effects on pigment composition neither for spruce nor for beech trees. Interactions between CO, and nitrogen application were not observed for both tree species

Occupational Health Aspects with Special Focus on Physiological Differences between Office and Metalworkers

Physical workload adversely impacts inflammation, oxidative stress and mood in heavy workers. We compared these risk parameters between metalworkers (n = 20) and office workers (n = 30), including gender differences. Blood samples were analyzed with thirty parameters to overview endocrinology, inflammation, and psychological and oxidative stress. Despite an adequate antioxidative supply, oxidative stress occurred in metalworkers, as indicated by significantly increased peroxide and homocysteine (Hcy) levels. Moreover, increased concentrations were observed in this group regarding psychological stress and diet-related parameters. Sex-specific differences were determined for physical dimensions, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), Hcy, uric acid, triglycerides, osmolality, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and testosterone. Age-associated differences were observed for DHEAS, glycosylated hemoglobin, adrenaline, AMH and testosterone. In male office workers, the body mass index was associated with increased LDL-HDL, cholesterol-HDL and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In conclusion, these results indicate increased oxidative stress and psychological stress in heavy workers independently of adequate antioxidant sustenance. The sedentary occupation of office workers, in turn, favored diseases of affluence. This might be particularly relevant for long-term occupied persons and older workers due to a hormonal shift coming along, given the risk for oxidative stress-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, particularly in the case of males, based on their lifestyle habits

Occupational Health Aspects with Special Focus on Physiological Differences between Office and Metalworkers

Physical workload adversely impacts inflammation, oxidative stress and mood in heavy workers. We compared these risk parameters between metalworkers (n = 20) and office workers (n = 30), including gender differences. Blood samples were analyzed with thirty parameters to overview endocrinology, inflammation, and psychological and oxidative stress. Despite an adequate antioxidative supply, oxidative stress occurred in metalworkers, as indicated by significantly increased peroxide and homocysteine (Hcy) levels. Moreover, increased concentrations were observed in this group regarding psychological stress and diet-related parameters. Sex-specific differences were determined for physical dimensions, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), Hcy, uric acid, triglycerides, osmolality, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and testosterone. Age-associated differences were observed for DHEAS, glycosylated hemoglobin, adrenaline, AMH and testosterone. In male office workers, the body mass index was associated with increased LDL-HDL, cholesterol-HDL and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In conclusion, these results indicate increased oxidative stress and psychological stress in heavy workers independently of adequate antioxidant sustenance. The sedentary occupation of office workers, in turn, favored diseases of affluence. This might be particularly relevant for long-term occupied persons and older workers due to a hormonal shift coming along, given the risk for oxidative stress-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, particularly in the case of males, based on their lifestyle habits

Work Intensity, Low-Grade Inflammation, and Oxidative Status: A Comparison between Office and Slaughterhouse Workers

Limited knowledge exists about the impact of physical workload on oxidative stress in different occupational categories. Thus, we aimed to investigate the oxidative and inflammatory status in employees with different physical workloads. We enrolled a total of 79 male subjects, 27 office workers (mean age 38.8 ± 9.1 years) and 52 heavy workers, in a slaughterhouse (mean age 40.8 ± 8.2 years). Fasting blood was drawn from an antecubital vein in the morning of the midweek before an 8-hour or 12-hour work shift. The antioxidative capacity was assessed measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC), uric acid, total polyphenols (PPm), and endogenous peroxidase activity (EPA). Total peroxides (TOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were analyzed as prooxidative biomarkers, and an oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. In addition, hsCRP, interleukin-6 (IL-6), MDA-LDL IgM antibodies, galectin-3, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured as biomarkers of chronic systemic inflammation and emotional stress. TOC (p=0.032), TAC (p<0.001), ACTH (p<0.001), OSI (p=0.011), and hsCRP (p=0.019) were significantly increased in the heavy workers group, while EPA, BDNF (p<0.001), and polyphenols (p=0.004) were significantly higher in office workers. Comparison between 8 and 12 h shifts showed a worse psychological condition in heavy workers with increased levels for hsCRP (p=0.001) and reduced concentration of BDNF (p=0.012) compared to office workers. Oxidative stress and inflammation are induced in heavy workers and are particularly pronounced during long working hours, that is, 12-hour versus 8-hour shifts

Patient baseline characteristics and data on surgery in the two groups.

<p>Data are presented as median (range) (not normally distributed data), as mean ± SD (normally distributed data) or as</p><p>absolute numbers (with the percentage (%) of the whole). * p<0.05</p><p>[95% CI]  =  95% Confidence intervall on the mean</p><p>CABG  =  coronary artery bypass grafting; CPB  =  cardiopulmonary bypass, MI  =  myocardial infarction, PRBC = packed red blood cells.</p

Outcome characteristics of the two groups.

<p>Data are presented as median (range) (not normally distributed data), as mean ± SD (normally distributed data) or as absolute numbers (with the percentage (%) of the whole). CABG  =  coronary artery bypass grafting; CPB  =  cardiopulmonary bypass, MI  =  myocardial infarction.</p

Receiver operating characteristic curve (all patients).

<p>Receiver operating characteristic curve for the significance of postoperative (admission to ICU) selenium, GPx, ADMA and CK-MB concentrations in all patients to predict the development of organ dysfunction in the postoperative period. AUC, area under the receiver operating curve.</p